Kung Fu Wing Chun Quen style was founded about 300 years ago. I have to say here "about", because there is no single date. According to some sources, it is the 15th century (source - 6), according to other sources it is the 18th century (source - 4), 400 years ago (source - 7). But all sources unanimously consider that the origins of the style are in the Southern Shaolin Temple in Fujian Province (sources - 1,2,10). In the old days the Manchurian Qing dynasty ruled in China. But the Manchus were only ten percent of the population and to maintain their power, they pursued a policy of massacres, growing fear and anger in the hearts of men. All native Chinese were forced to obey unjust laws, which were violating their rights and humiliating them. For them, the limit was set up in the ranks. Any attempt to earn a living was under strict control, and those who still managed to open their own business, levied exorbitant taxes. To depersonalize Chinese people and spiritually empty a growing generation, Manchu rulers forbade teaching the art of Kung Fu. (source - 3).

            But despite all this, there was something which even the Manchus treated with great respect. Shaolin Temple was a sacred center of Buddhism and the permanent guardian of Chinese culture. No restrictions and cruelties could break the spirit of the proud masters of Shaolin. Like the wind building up a fire, the injustice of their rulers built up in their hearts a desire to fight for freedom of people. Shaolin Temple became a center for training fighters for the future of the uprising. They were taught the ancient art of self defense. Kung Fu made ​​their bodies like steel, and souls - courageous and noble. But to become a true master, each student required from 10 to 15 years of practice (source - 3) (15 -20 years (source - 5)).

            Then, five monks, five best teachers met to create a new method of learning the art of Kung Fu, to combine the most advanced techniques and to shorten the course to 5-7 years (source - 5), the Masters began a secret program of training soldiers with carefully selected students. Here I want to emphasize that the style was designed to reduce the course of training a soldier and was purely practical.
            But at the same time, the rulers were determined to destroy the Manchus Shaolin Temple. By that time a lot of smaller than the Shaolin monasteries were destroyed by the Manchus, the monks and nuns of those monasteries were forced to seek refuge elsewhere. Shaolin became the center of concentration of forces of resistance, the monks who survived in battles flocked to its walls. Rulers hated this temple, because it gave people strength to rebel against the injustice and violence, and was a symbol of rebellion and hope for victory in the struggle against the domination of the Manchus. By bringing the best troops, in 1720 the authorities began a punitive operation. Monks and students of Shaolin Temple fought bravely.

            But to withstand against the deceit and treachery is the hardest. The group of traitors burned the monastery, opening the gates of Shaolin to a detachment of General Chan Van Hoa. They ruthlessly suppressed the resistance, killing hundreds of monks and only few masters managed to escape. Fortunately, among those who survived were the five monks who invented a new technique: Ti Tin Tin Si - "Good Will" (Chi Sim), Miu Hing Lao Sze - "Immortal Cat" (Miao Hin), Bat Mi Lao Sze - "White Eyebrow" (Pak Mei), Fung Dao Duc Lao Sze - "Civility-Education" (Ham Yan) and the nun Ng Moo Lao Ni - "Flower of May - 5 Petals" (Ng Mui) (sources - 2.3).
From this point there is disagreement about who was the founder of Wing Chun. Most schools believe that it is Ng Mui, the school of Anders Hoffman believes that it is Chi Sim. Though you can find common ground, the fact is that two students of these monks met by chance, and traveling with the Opera Company brought up quite a few powerful masters of their style. It is believed that a student of Chi Sim added a "pole" to Wing Chun (even supporters of the legend that Ng Mui founded the style think so).
There is another version about the creator of the style, it's Yang Jian and Yang Chun San Nhan, but more on that at the end of the chapter (source - 10).

            Since most schools, including Master Wai Po Tan, believe that the style was established by Ng Mui (Ng Moo), I will stick to this version. I will touch a topic about Chi Sim in the second chapter of this work - "Various schools and directions of Wing Chun Quen."
After surviving the massacre in Shaolin, Ng Moo Lao Ne disappeared into the temple Bath Haq - White Crane on mount Dai Liu Shyn (Big Mountain), Ti Syuen province. But, despite the possibility of prosecution by the imperial army, fearless and wise woman continued improving martial arts technique. The idea of a conceived new style did not leave her for a moment. Not being able to see the other four masters, Ng Mui decided to complete the creation of a new Kung Fu sophisticated technology on her own.

            Ng Mui laid in the foundation of her technique flexibility and ability to use and enemy's strength. The legend has it that she is the one who managed to peep a fight of a crane with a snake. And finally, she was the shaolin nun who taught the secrets of her mastery an average girl whose name was Hume Wing Chun - Beautiful Spring.
            For three years (source -3), and some sources say six months (source -1), this technique was passed to Wing Chun, the beloved apprentice of Ng Mui.
            After the death of the nun in 1726 (hist -3) Nim Wing Chun continued to live in the mountains and improve her body and soul.
            Next on the Internet site of Vietnamese Wing Chun is a legend that Hume added the tiger and leopard motion technique to Wing Chun style.
            Knowing the specifics of a "cat" style, I do not agree. But I would be grateful if someone could show me the Tiger technique of Wing Chun.

            After years of constant training Wing Chun captured the new martial art that uses short, quick punches and blocks. The Great Mother, as she was called by followers of the style, had worked out training methods, introduced work with a pair of swords, a spear and a pole into education. Technical arsenal is encoded in the three complexes: "The birth of the spirit," "Building Bridges" and "Striking fingers." Also developed a set of 108 movements with a wooden dummy. But the technique of Win Chun will be discussed in more detail in Chapter Three.
            Jealous keeping traditions did not save the school from the following divisions and separations. In today's world there are thousands of schools in several techniques of Wing Chun Quen style, because of its modifications. They may differ on the number of systems, working with weapons, according to a set of motions on a mannequin (from 108 to 160 movements), but overall this is a slim single systemized method of warfare.

            There is another version of how Wing Chun (Yong Chun) was founded. That it was developed by Jian Yang and Yang Chun San Nian. Later it was practiced in Shaolin Temple in Fundzyan province. Was brought by a monk Zhi Xi to the monastery Guansyao in Guangzhou and then called Yong Chun and spread in Guangzhou, Deshun, Myantsin, Gaohe (source -10).

            Currently, there are several key areas of Wing Chun Kung Fu, and each area has many schools around the world.
            There is a tendency to call a style different directions depending on the place of teaching, but in fact this approach is not unique. For example, Leung Jan taught Wing Chun in the first Fundzyan, where he worked and where he founded and taught Fundzyan line of receivers. Later he returned to his native village of Gu Lao and taught there as well founded and nurtured the school receivers. Both these schools were founded by the same person, but went their separate ways and exist separately from each other.
            Here are the main directions of Win Chun: Wai-Po Tang Yui Kil Wing Chun, Yip Man Wing Chun, Sum Nungs Yuen Kay-San Wing Chun, Leung Jans Gu Lao Sei Sup Dim Wing Chun, Cao De-Ans Nanyang Wing Chun, Wing Chun Pan Nam, Pao Fa Lien style of Chu Chong, Hung Suen Wing Chun of Garrett Gee, Jee Shim Wing Chun of Wei Yan, and Vietnamese Wing Chun. (source -2).

            The History of different areas of the style.

            We saw the history in the first chapter, now we must try to understand its further development.
            Hume Wing Chun married Leung Bok Lao and taught him her martial art. Soon she was gravely ill and died. In the memory of her Leung Bok called this style the name of his wife, hence the name of the style of Wing Chun.
            After the death of his wife, Leung Bok joined the opera company under the name "Red junk." This was a revolutionary company, which moved freely in China under the disguise of a company of actors called on to restore the Ming Dynasty. There he met his first students Wong Wah Bo, Leung Yee Tai, Dai Fa Min Kam, Lo Jung and Leung Lan Kwai. Many of them had experience in the Shaolin Temple and Tai Leung Jo was a disciple of the monk Chi Sim. Together, they have adopted and perfected the Wing Chun. Since then, Wing Chun was leaked to several people and there was the first branching style (see picture overall).
            In the latter half of the nineteenth century, Wang Bo and Leung Vache Yo Tai left the troupe and moved to the province Fundzyan, where they had taught their martial art an apothecary Leung Jan (Jan Sin Sang). In the end, Leung Jan began teaching Wing Chun directly in her pharmacy. Among those who learned his martial arts were his sons, Leung Bik, Leung Chan and friends of Chan Wah Shun (Jiao Chin), Muk Yan, Fung Wah, Lee Yeung Ying and others (sources - 4.2). When he was 73 Leung Jan leaves the province Fundzyan, and moves to his home in the village of Gu Lao, leaving the receiver Chan Wah Shun. He died at the age of 76, but for three years before they brought up in his home village such students as Wong Wah Sum, Yik Ying, Leung Cheung, Yim Yee who named their wing as Leung Jans Gu Lao Sei Sup Dim Wing Chun. (source . 2).

            But back to the branch in the province of Leung Jan Fundzyan, which he founded before coming home. Chan Wah Shun was left in his senior direction of Wing Chun Kwen and trained senior student Ng Chung Sam who, in turn, has brought such well-known receivers as Yip Men, Yui Choi (they went to the same group, but Yui Choi was the oldest on the status of the school). Next Yip Man opened his school in Hong Kong do not nurture few students, including the legendary Bruce Lee. After his death in 1972, his sons, Yip Ching and Yip Chun, as well as students began to preach the Yip Man Wing Chun. (source -2).
            Choi Yu passed his knowledge to his son, Yui Kil, who in turn honored to represent their branch of Wing Chun Kwena Master Wai Po Tang. It is this branch and represents the school in Russia where I was an instructor. This line of Wing Chun Kung Fundzyanskogo fu known as Wai-Po Tang Yui Kil Wing Chun. (source -1, 2). Family tree of which I quote below (see picture 1).
            Now that we have traced a branch of Leung Jan, back to his teacher Wong Voch Bo, who had a few more students like Fok Bo Chuen, u San Gam (his pupil became Fung Siu Ching). The two masters, Fok Bo Chuen and Fung Siu Ching, trained Yung Kay San, u Hguyen Te Cong. Yung Kay San combining the knowledge of their teachers, has developed its own system, and in 1930 passed his art Samma Nung who in memory of his teacher, organized a new trend called Sum Nungs Yuen Kay-San Wing Chun or Guangzhou Wing Chun. (source -2 )

            Those same ng Kong moved to Vietnam and founded by Vietnamese Wing Chun. Now the Vietnamese Vin Chun patriarchs is Hvin Ngoc Anu (see shemu2) (source -3).
            From Fung Siu Ching is another area called Vin Chun Jee Shim Wing Chun of Wei Yan, his contemporary patriarchs is Hoffman. (source -2) is the only direction which is considered the founder of style monk Chi Sim (see picture 3). I spent a few other parallels, predpologaya that students have met this style in a traveling troupe of actors, and got the following (see picture 4).
            The next area appeared relatively recently in 1940 and named after its founder Pad Nam. Pad Nut nachel learn Wing Chun from leading teachers Hung Suen Wing Chun of Garrett Gee (unfortunately, I could not find on the Internet side of this intepritatsii Vin Chun.) Later he studied with Sammo Hung, Jiu Chao (student Chan Wah Shun's son). Also took equipment from Lai Hip Chi student Yui Choi. Of these numerous sources and from personal communication with the Ip Mohn and Pak Cheung (the main student Fung Siu Ching), Pad Nam forged his style intepritatsiyu called it Wing Chun Pan Nam (source -2).
            About the direction of Pao Fa Lien style of Chu Chong I found out is that in this system of Win Chun Taydzitsuan integrated, and that it became osnavatalyam Chu Chong and Kwok Gai (source -2).
            All of these trends and schools I have been able to unite in a scheme number 5.
            Modern schools of Wing Chun Quen.

            Now it is difficult to trace the history of a school. One reason for this schism after the death of the founder of the school, so for example you can say about the school master Yip Man. After the death of Yip Man in 1972, his "line", split into many sub-styles and the "lines" of martial arts. Recently (80 ,90-s) there are several lines of Yip Man. Differences unique styles of each "line" is protected by copyright and "trademarks" (sound of "Win - Chun" can be written as: "Win - Chun", "Win - Chun", "Wing - Arnold Tsunga, or Wing - Chun).
            These main families and writing:

            Vin Tsun - Copyrighted and "brand". Patriarch - Leung Ting. System he learned from Yip Man style of the Patriarch, (being his last student before) his death. The Governing Body - International Association of Martial Arts Wing Chun, and the American Organization of Vin Tsun in the United States.
            Traditional Wing - Chun - Copyrighted and "brand". Patriarch - William Cheung. The system he adopted from Yip Man's back in the 50s. Also includes a variety of history "line." The Governing Body - The World Association of Wine - Chun Kung - Fu.
Wing Chun - Yip used by another student of Maine - My Yat. This spelling (Wing Chun) is also considered key used patriarch Yip Maine. It is used by many other disciples of others, and it was decided to use one of the leading associations, Win - Chun in Hong Kong - "Athletic Wing-Tsun Organization." (source - 5).
            Win - Chun - general account that is used by all practitioners of martial arts.
            There is also an opinion that the cause of different techniques is as follows:
            Before his death, each Patriarch formally conveyed his title to a successor, whom he was preparing for many years. Some secrets, however, he could not disclose, and take away with them. Thus, some techniques have been lost and preserved only in legends. In some specific circumstances, the head of the school could share secret information between two students in a way that each of them became the owner of a unique set of techniques unknown to the other. In the future each of them could explore their own area of ​​expertise, and the results of these studies were unique. In this way, the differences could be formed of different branches of Kung Fu in a classical school. That is exactly what happened to the Wing Chun Kung Fu.

            But here it should be noted that many of the masters (Yip Man, itself Nung, Hoffman and others) have met and shared their experiences, producing a single overall system. Even viewing the training video films of various Masters Win Chun, I find the overall system of technical deistvy. (source - 2).
            Features Vietnamese Vin Chun originated from the fact that when Te Kong arrived in the Vietnamese land and settled there, he drew attention to some of the characteristics of Vietnamese and Vietnamese styles of martial arts. Thus, he was able to combine some of the techniques com khi Viet Nam, and adapt to new conditions of kung fu. He also conducted his own research in these areas. Thus, the Vietnamese school of Wing Chun Kung Fu was originally purchased some differences from the classical Chinese school, keeping nevertheless all its major elements.
            In the future second patriarch Ho Hai Long also added some elements khi ball and kung fu. Third Patriarch Hvin Ngoc An also made some additions. (source - 3).
            Features art of Wing Chun Quen, specific teaching methods.

            The system includes a training stage learning style adept various technical exercises for the acquisition of certain skills in combat. Let me remind you that the cause of the style was too long a course of study at Shaolin Temple monks to oppose the Qing Dynasty. So what's unique teaching methods and the specifics of combat wing chun?
            Before you disassemble the main sections of the system of training, and to answer this question, it should tell you more about the technique of Wing Chun as a whole.
            As already mentioned, according to legend style originated after Ng Mui Crane saw a fight with a snake. Seeing the sharp, sudden blows with its beak and legs and a crane, knocking the wings of poisonous snake bites, she transferred them to safety and the attacking movement style. The snake was taken by the softness and the ability to twist the opponent's attacks and feel the slightest movement of the enemy, unable to resist them (technology-tang Bon, Bon-paw, and Chi-sao (sticky hands)).

            Wing Chun is characterized by its high counter that separates it from Shaolinskoh fellows feet less loaded and ready for easy mobility and application attacks. Attacks are put down mainly to the lower and middle level of the opponent - in the shin, knee, groin, pelvic bone, the solar plexus. The attacks are swift and often an attack into the next. There is a whole block connections for developments in the pair - "sticky feet". Since the attacks in the main legs are drawn in the lower level, and blocks of them are worked down. Naturally adaptation of style are not confined within these limits and know how to use leg techniques for punches to the head, but as practice shows, the "MMA" no battle was not won by a kick in the front, despite the fact that there are the leading lights of various styles (source 8).
            Wing Chun is different from other styles and hand positions. In the initial position both hands are in front of a fighter on the center line on the chest, one arm slightly bent, the palm of the second hand located at the elbow first, your elbows are omitted. This hand position allows free movement and block "embroider" direct attack the opponent, which is very beneficial in the battle. Feature (specific) style is to combine technology with simultaneous protection of the attack, which is of great importance in the conduct of combat at close range allowing you to gain time. Blocks and attacks will not flourish, cost-effective with a minimum amplitude (in contrast to the Nan Quan).

            Blocking the impact of the opponent in the head and body hand held by the central line, held with great speed and with great force and power than if we had to return to the center of the hand of its more distant location. Thus, the advantage of speed and power of the style of Wing Chun Kung Fu is achieved by optimizing the traffic to an extremely short range interaction with the enemy. When defending against enemy attack units are placed so that his attack was on the outside of the zone, we are defending. Protection zone fits into the triangle, which shoulders it is one of the parties, and its top is at the center front of tench fighter, not nearer the elbow.
            The complex consists of training a fighter such specific and unique methodical system as a "sticky feet" and "sticky hands" (Chi-sao, Bon-Bon-paws and tan). These exercises like Tui show, but much more practical, and close to sparengovoy technique. With proper operating time even held competitions for Chi-sao. The hands in this technique, as it were glued to the hands of an opponent, and performing cyclic movements react to the slightest action of his developing tactile sensitivity. With the constant practice of this technique, it is accumulating a blindfold.
            Bon-lap setting allows you to feel the elbow (the frame unit Bon-sao) and the failure of the attack (paw-sao). In this series of motions are applied reciprocally attacks and work units.
            Bon-tan accumulating for staging attacks, ease and power, the ability to escape from the control of an opponent and proatakovat, to solve the situation.
            Chi-sao is the highest level of "sticky hands" is he is the main method of teaching style. In this technique fits into the whole arsenal of techniques of Wing Chun: Attack palms, elbows, knees, creases, frustrations, throwing, attacks on the lower level down.
            As well as in other styles of Shaolin practice padding the arms and legs in pairs, which leads to lower pain threshold for blocks and attacks those parts of the body.

            All the equipment identity is encoded in the three forms of the Tao (Tao Lu, katy - Karate): the first form - Forces Lim Tao "birth of spirit", the second form - Chum Ki "building bridges" form tritium - Beau Gee "beating his fingers." Also work with a wooden dummy. In the arsenal of schools there is the connection to a weapon such as a dual-sword weapon (butterfly), and a pole spear.
            So, try to bring the main features of the style of Wing Chun:
            1. Win Chunia high rack that allows easy movement and reduce training time a fighter is not taking the time to strengthen the lower riser (rack rider rack bow and arrow).
            2. It is very economical in his movements combining defense and attack, which is much closer to its reality.
            3. Attacks are put down mainly to the lower level, making it more accessible to people, and has a great tekzhe practical (on the ice in winter is not particularly pomashesh feet).
            4. In the training includes such systems as working with the dummy and the "sticky hands", which improves the tactile sensitivity of the fighter, but also to bring the technique works in the melee to automatism.

            Conclusion

            Starting to write this work, I do not think that will face the complexity of the merge all the schools in a single historical development branch. No, I know that many schools, but almost every style of his patriarch, who considers himself a true follower of traditions - it was shocking. But, in fact, impossible to keep track of all outstanding students of the Patriarchs of the style, which opened their own schools  and at least not weaker than that of the Patriarchs (take, for example, the great master Bruce Lee). Yes, it's actually not so important who wins is the main thing that the heart of the fire was kung fu, which could start a fire in the hearts of students. After rising to a certain level look for the best in other areas, styles, techniques and training to carry out application on your technique. Being closed to see the shortcomings of styles and people. The main thing is not sick all the dishes - this is a privilege of the ignorant, and be able to listen to your heart and unleash your mind.

            In my work I was able to create an overall picture of the historical development of the leading schools

            Wing Chun Kwena around the world. And also describe the features and differences of the style.
The only thing I could not is to trace the development of the technology over time in the history of Wing Chun. To do this, probably need to "raise" the original sources, or go to the leading masters, the patriarchs of the directions of style Wing Chun Quen.